佛

Buddha, from (sa) budh to "be aware of", "conceive", "observe", "wake"; also [lang id =1028]佛陀; [lang id =1028]浮圖; [lang id =1028]浮陀; [lang id =1028]浮頭; [lang id =1028]浮塔; [lang id =1028]勃陀; [lang id =1028]勃馱; [lang id =1028]沒馱; [lang id =1028]母馱; [lang id =1028]母陀; [lang id =1028]部陀; [lang id =1028]休屠. Buddha means "completely conscious, enlightened", and came to mean the enlightener. he Chinese translation is [lang id =1028]覺 to perceive, aware, awake; and [lang id =1028]智 gnosis, knowledge. There is an Eternal Buddha, see e.g. the <Lotus Sutra>, cap. 16, and multitudes of Buddhas, but the personality of a Supreme Buddha, an Ādi-Buddha, is not defined. Buddha is in and through all things, and some schools are definitely Pan-Buddhist in the pantheistic sense. In the (sa) triratna [lang id =1028]三寳 commonly known as [lang id =1028]三寳佛, while Śākyamuni Buddha is the first "person" of the Trinity, his Law the second, and the Order the third, all three by some are accounted as manifestations of the All-Buddha. As Śākyamuni, the title indicates him as the last of the line of Buddhas who have appeared in this world, Maitreya is to be the next. As such he is the one who has achieved enlightenment, having discovered the essential evil of existence (some say mundane existence, others all existence), and the way of deliverance from the constant round of reincarnations; this way is through the moral life into nirvana, by means of self-abnegation, the monastic life, and meditation. By this method a Buddha, or enlightened one, himself obtains Supreme Enlightenment, or Omniscience, and according to Māhāyanism leads all beings into the same enlightenment. He sees things not as they seem in their phenomenal but in their noumenal aspects, as they really are. The term is also applied to those who understand the chain of causality (twelve (sa) nidānas) and have attained enlightenment surpassing that of the (sa) arhat. Four types of the Buddha are referred to:

(1) [lang id =1028]三藏佛the Buddha of the Tripiṭaka who attained enlightenment on the bare ground under the bodhi-tree;

(2) [lang id =1028]通佛the Buddha on the (sa) deva robe under the bodhi-tree of the seven precious things;

(3) [lang id =1028]別佛the Buddha on the great precious Lotus throne under the Lotus realm bodhi-tree; and

(4) [lang id =1028]圓佛the Buddha on the throne of Space in the realm of eternal rest and glory where he is Vairocana. The Hīnayāna only admits the existence of one Buddha at a time; Mahāyāna claims the existence of many Buddhas at one and the same time, as many Buddhas as there are Buddha-universes, which are infinite in number.

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◆佛， 梵語具云佛陀， 華言覺。 覺具三義： 一者自覺， 謂悟性真常， 了惑虛妄； 二者覺他， 謂運無緣慈， 度有情眾； 三者覺行圓滿， 謂歷劫修因， 行滿果圓， 是名為佛。 （無緣慈者， 謂無心攀緣一切眾生而能自然現益也。 ） ◆佛即就人得名， 覺照為義。 謂覺斯玄妙， 開解一切， 悟大夜之重昏， 朗萬法之幽邃也。 ◆佛， 梵語具云佛阤， 華言覺。 謂智慧具足， 三覺圓滿， 故號為佛。 （三覺者， 自覺、 覺他、 覺行圓滿也。 ）

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梵語佛陀的簡稱， 華譯為覺者， 也就是正覺和知的大覺大悟者。 知是說對於宇宙事理無所不知覺， 正覺是說所知正確真實而無外道那樣邪見妄執的錯誤， 所以佛的另一尊號叫做正知或正等覺。 覺有三義， 即自覺、 覺他、 覺行圓滿。 自覺是自己知正覺以超越三界凡夫； 覺他是先覺覺後覺， 以修菩薩行而超越二乘， 使眾生皆得如自己一樣的大覺大悟； 覺行圓滿是自他兩覺兩利功德圓滿， 以超越菩薩而完成究竟的佛果。